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  • Recording Great Documentary location Sound
  • Best way to capture Important Interview Audio
  • What if you need to put "Lavaliers" on more than two people
  • Dealing with Sound Problems
  • The Bottom Line

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    Upcoming DVworkshops... July 16 & 17 Hands-on Final Cut Pro Weekend Intensive 10am-7pm $295....DV Documentary 6 Day Workshop July 25-30 $995...DV Camera & Lighting 2-day Bootcamp August 13 & 14 $295...Kevin Monahan's Advanced Final Cut Pro Hands-on Weekend August 6 & 7 10am-7pm $495....Photos of our studio and classes below.

     

    DVworkshops.com Newsletter
    Tips on recording Documentary location Sound
     

    Interested in documentary sound? Tired of getting great images but lousy audio? This Newsletter should help.

    We just announced a series of new classes in August. Two day DV Camera & Lighting Bootcamp August 13 & 14 10am-7pm $295..This Class will also cover all the material (hands-on) contained in this newsletter.

    Our Advanced Final Cut Pro Hands-on Weekend August 6 & 7 with Kevin Monahan , author of Special Effects and Motion Graphics for Final Cut Pro (Peachprint Press). This class will cover Compositing, Alpha Channel effects advanced color correction, Masking and mattes, plus more . Class space is limited, Hands-on Workshop $495 Scroll to the bottom of the newsletter for a link to Kevin's Book on Amazon.com.

    I am very excited to welcome Academy Award Nominated documentary filmmaker William Gazecki to our staff of instructors. The director of "Waco- Rules of Engagment" will begin teaching with us in the fall. Taggart Siegel and Screenwriter Chris Upham will also return with more Documentary Story Structure classes. Chris will also be lecturing and sharing advice with students in our upcoming DV Documentary 6 day intensive in July.

    If you have any questions, feel free to contact me here at DVworkshops, Aron Ranen (415) 810-5934

    You can Forward this Newsletter by scrolling to the Bottom of the page and clicking on the "Forward Email" Button.


     

    Recording Great Documentary location Sound
    Get Audio right the first time

    People will forgive a blurry picture, even a shaky camera, but not bad sound. Think about it ...if you can't hear a person...would you sit thru the movie?

    The key to recording great DV audio, is to first decide how you will be shooting your documentary. Are you a "One-person-Band" ? or will you have a separate Audio Person? How many mics do you need? What kinds of Environments are you filming in? Once you can answer these questions, it is easy to use the following information to determine a solid Audio strategy.

    Many documentary filmmakers like to work with a crew. Some directors hire both a camera operator and a sound person. That can get a little overwhelming for the subject. To solve that problem, some documentary makers, like Nick Broomfield (Kurt & Courtney 1998) and the Maysles Brothers (Saleman 1969) act as the Sound or Camera Person.This helps cut down the size of your crew. In Broomfield's documentaries the camera often pans over to him when he is asking the subject a question. You can see him holding the large "Boom Pole" and wearing headphones. "The Leader, his Driver and his Wife" is Broomfield's best documentary. It's a "journey film" and it's focus is on the South African Right Wing Africana Party in the late 1980's. The Audio is pretty good, except for wind noise and Broomfield sometimes hits the "Boom Pole" and you hear his hands on the pole at times. In this documentary you can actually see the director as Sound person.

    What is a Boom Pole? How can you avoid "Pole noise" and wind Noise? Pictured in this article is a sound person with a boom pole and "Blimp" or "Rycote Softie" at the end. The Blimp protects the mic against wind noise. If it is really windy, then you add a heavy duty "Softie" over the blimp. The pole has a "Pistol Grip" at the end of it, it rests inside the bimp, and can be taken off the pole, enabling you to grip the shotgun mic in a "Shotgun" fashion. Some Rycote mini "softies" do not need a Pistol Grip. The mic just slides in a hole at the end.

    Inside the Blimp or Softie is usually a Sennheiser 416 or 816 Microphone. These are highly directional mics, designed to pick up sounds from a distance. The 816 is a longer mic, and it can pick up farther then the 416. Most field Documentary sound people use the Sunheisser 416, on a pole. These rent for as little as $35/day in some cities and new sell for approx $1,200.00. You will also need to purchase an additional Power Supply for this mic....(remember to ask for a Power Supply if you rent one of these). The power Supply provides the juice to make the mic work. There is no space inside the mic to insert batteries, you must use a Power supply, or Phantom Power. Phantom Power is the term used for a camera that can power a mic off it's camera battery. You will know if you camera has "Phantom Power", if you see a switch near the Audio inputs that reads "+48 on/off". Turn this on, and you do not need a Power Supply.

    Best Shotgun for "One- Person" documentary Production

    The 416 & 816 have amazing sound quality, once you hear it, you will be blown away. The only problem is , you can not put it on your camera if you are a "One - Person-Band". The mics are so sensitive, they will pick up the sound of your camera's motor. Every time you zoom, you will hear the camera zooming in. Do you want this? NO!!!!! That's why the Sennheiser ME80 is the best mic for "On-camera microphones". It can pick up clearly from at least 6 feet away, with good quality sound that you don't need to struggle to hear. Every Pro knows how good this ME80 is. The only way to get them is on EBAY as a used item...then you can have them re-built at Location Soiund in Los Angles ( they don't make the mic anymore, but they make the parts). The ME80 can pcik up farther and clearer then the mic Sennheiser replaced it with..the K6 Series of shotgun mics. Click on the link below to direct links to find ME80s, Location sound and Best Wireless Mic under $600

    Link to past DVworkshops.com Article with lists and Links of Best Microphones

    Best way to capture Important Interview Audio
    Use a clip-on Lavalier

    If you want to capture really great interview audio, you must use a Lavalier, clip-on microphone. Lavalier is a type of mic, not a Brand . Pictured on the right, you can see that these are tiny mics that clip on a person' shirt, blouse or jacket. They help reduce background noise, and allow you to clearly hear your interview subject.I do not recommend using a Shotgun mic and boom pole for extensive and important interview. Unbess you are filming in a sound proof studio, I suggest the clip on lavalier. I like using a wireless lavalier system, it allows me to "walk and talk" my interview subject. This can help make your film more dynamic than a series of sit down interviews.

    Sony makes a hard wired (non-wireless) lavalier, the ECM 44B and ECM 44A. The "B has a professional XLR plug at the end of it, and the "A" has a mini plug for consumer cameras. These are $200 at most web sites. Or just rent them for a day. In San Francisco you can rent them for $10/day. Just because it is wired, does not mean you can not walk and talk your subject. Try it with a wire conecting your camera and the subject, and just drop the wire low enough so it is out of the shot. Always hide the Lavalier wire down a person's shirt, blouse or inside the jacket. NEVER let a wire hang naked in front of someone's shirt.

    Sennheiser makes a good wireless system, Lectrosonic is also a great brand, their 187 series sells used and new for around $900- $1,600, you will need to buy a mic for these wireless systems (the lavaliers included are not high performance mics). Purchase a "Tram" or a "Countryman" Lavalier, they run $250-$350 just for the tiny little clip on mic. You can buy Omni or Super directional Lavaliers. Omni mics enable you to hear others near the mic, the directional will cut most of that out. The Omni is helpful if you are shooting alone, I combine the ME80 with the effectiveness of an Omni Wireless lavalier, then decide the mix in editing.

    Link to info on Sony Hard wired Lavalier ECM 44B

    What if you need to put "Lavaliers" on more than two people
    Use a sound person and a Mixer

    What if you need to follow four subjects around and have each recorded on a separate lavalier? An experienced Sound person who knows how to operate a "Field/eng mixer" is the best answer. Pictured on the left is the most popular battery powered mixer is manufacured by Shure Products. You can buy/rent mixers with as many inputs that you need. Most documentarians use a four or six channel mixer. The experience of a sound mixer is critical to getting good location sound with mulitple mics. When recording sound with a mixer on- location, you can not just leave the volume up for all the mics. The sound person has to listen and quickly raise and lower each person's audio control when each of the subjects is speaking. I have never seen or heard an intern or volunteer get this right. HIRE a location sound person.

    There is also a trend to using multi track digital field recorders that record each track individually, then the mix is done in post production. The good ones sell for approx $13,000. They can complicate your edit, adding to the mountians of material that needs to be digitized then matched to the original video recordings. These can be effective for recording Live Performance, since it is easy to match it to the original material that is often shot with mulitple cameras.

    Link to more info on Location Shure Audio Mixers

    Dealing with Sound Problems

    This is a ME 64 Microphone. It is useful when you are recording in a large room, with marble floors and high cielings. Sennheiser ME 64 is a capsule that screws on to the new K6 Power supply. or use the older ME 40 with the older ME 80 Power Supply These smaller capsules can help if your shotgun seems to pick up too much room noise.

    If you are filming in a cafe, you must ask them to turn off the Radio or CD Player. I know this is a bummer, and I wish it was not true, but if you can hear it in the backround of your footage, you must purchase rights from both the performer and the songwriter. It also helps to have clean background for editing purposes later on.

    Once you have finished shooting, always record at least 60 seconds of "Room Tone". This is just the naturall sounds of the environment with no one talking. This will be helpful in editing interviews, adding a pause, or just some sounds from the environment over visual cutways that had bad audio. All professional crews record 60 seconds of a silent room at the end of a shoot. Room Tone.

    Echo is the number one problem with hardwood floors. A good way to "deaden" a room, is by placing blankets (sound blankets are made especially for this) on the floor to reduce the echo problem. Be sure to shut off any appliances that might be humming, shut off the Refrigerator, even if it is quiet...once you start filming, the last thing you need is the refrigerator "Kicking" in right on top of your subject's best answer. Clocks that are ticking should be shut off. The general rule of thumb is if you can hear it...so will the audience.

    Link to place that sells the ME 64 ( to add to your K6 ME66 Mic package)

    The Bottom Line
    Keep it simple

    If you are a "One-person-band", Use a Senheiser ME80 and a wireless Lavalier. If you have a crew, use a Senheiser 416 with a Boom pole and softie, and a wireless lavalier system. If you need mulitple mics at once, use a Shure "Field mixer" but remember it is harder than it looks, find a pro to help out.

    Our Hands-on Documentary DV Workshop July 25-30 will give you days of Hands-on Audio experience. Please click on the link below for more info.

    Link to DV Documentary Six Day Workshop info
    Follow up Links
  • DVworkshops.com Home Page
  • Free on-line Video Handbook
  • Link to Info about Nick Broomfield's The Leader, His Driver and His Wife" 1991 Documentary
  • Link to Albert and David Maysles Salesman Documentary 1969
  • Link to Kevin Monahan's Advanced Final Cut Pro Editing Book
  • More info on DVworkshops Final Cut Pro Classes
  • DVworkshops link to registration Page
  • Link to Free Subscription (U.S.Mail Delivery) of DV Magazine.. a $29.97 Value
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